PhD position in philosophy of science

Science communication often involves hyped, overly broad claims about research findings. What are the causes, social epistemological risks, and who’s responsible? In this PhD project, you will be researching these questions.

Wat ga je doen?

We are offering a fully funded four-year PhD position to a researcher interested in philosophically and experimentally investigating scientific hype, i.e., the phenomenon that occurs when scientists ‘oversell’, exaggerate, or overgeneralise findings (e.g., to untested populations) when communicating their research to other scientists or the public. This phenomenon has important implications for the social epistemology and ethics of science, as it may involve deception, corrode people’s trust in science, and contribute to failures of scientific replicability. However, scientific hype may also have yet unexplored benefits.

As part of the PhD project, you will develop methods to identify scientific hype, focusing specifically on overgeneralisations expressed in the use of generics, i.e., unquantified generalizations (e.g., ‘People with OCD benefit from CBT’). Generics suggest that a claim has a universal scope. Yet, studies show that they are often used in science communication when the reported research does not support such broad claims. You will explore to what extent generics are used in science communication across scientific disciplines, when exactly they are instances of unwarranted scientific hype, why they are used in science communication, and what the resulting epistemic and ethical costs and benefits may be.

Relatedly, while generics may communicate universal generalisations, it is unclear whether scientists take them to have a more restricted meaning than laypeople would do, thus potentially raising different epistemic and ethical risks in scientist-to-scientist compared to scientist-to-public communication. You will investigate the semantics of scientific generics and (together with other researchers) conduct psychological experiments to examine cognitive differences in the processing of generics between scientists and laypeople.

Moreover, since scientific evaluation and reward systems aim to promote the ‘relevance’ and ‘generalisability’ of research findings and generics communicate these features, generics use may inadvertently be incentivised by scientific institutions, as scientists can gain competitive advantages from using them over more accurate claims. However, the interplay between psychological and social/institutional factors in driving problematic generics use and scientific hype remains underexplored, leaving it unclear who is responsible for the harm that may result. You will examine the relevant social dynamics (e.g., through simulation and experimental studies) and help develop interventions and a normative framework to counteract problematic cases of scientific overgeneralisations.

Wat breng je mee?

To apply for this position, you need to have a Master’s degree in philosophy, or in a related field such as psychology, cognitive science, social sciences, communication studies, or linguistics.

Useful interests and/or skills for this position include:

• interest in the social epistemology of science, specifically the epistemic and ethical risks related to science communication and values in science;
• interest in philosophy of language (e.g., research on generics) and the effects of language on scientific cognition, in particular;
• interest in conducting empirical research (including experimental studies) on cognitive biases, scientific language use, and cognitive differences between laypeople and scientists;
• interest in interdisciplinary applied research that is socially and practically relevant (e.g., to improve science communication practices);
• basic statistics skills (e.g., SPSS, R, etc.) are useful to have but can also be acquired during the project.

Wat bieden wij?

We offer:

• a position for 18 months, in case of good performance and a positive evaluation, the contract will be extended for the remaining period of 30 months (48 months in total);
• a working week of 38 hours and a gross monthly salary between € 2.770,- and € 3.539,- in the case of full-time employment (salary scale P under the Collective Labour Agreement for Dutch Universities (CAO NU));
• 8% holiday pay and 8.3% year-end bonus;
• a pension scheme, partially paid parental leave and flexible terms of employment based on the CAO NU.